The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) on heart rate variability (HRV) indices at rest and during 6-min walk test (6MWT) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Fifteen moderate to severe COPD patients were randomized and evaluated with and without (Non-EPAP) a 5 cmH2O EPAP device. Respiratory rate (RR) was collected at rest (5 min), during the 6MWT (5 min), and at recovery (5 min). Indices of HRV were computed in the time domain, in the frequency domain, and nonlinear analysis. For EPAP and Non-EPAP during the 6MWT, we found an increased mean heart rate (HR) (P=0.001; P=0.001) while mean RR (P=0.001; P=0.015) and RR tri index decreased (P=0.006; P=0.028). Peripheral oxygen saturation (P=0.019) increased at rest only in the EPAP group. In EPAP, correlations were found between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and low frequency (LF) sympathetic tonus (P=0.05; r=-0.49), FEV1 and high frequency (HF) parasympathetic tonus at rest (P=0.05; r=0.49), lactate at rest and LF during the 6MWT (P=0.02; r=-0.57), and lactate at rest and HF during 6MWT (P=0.02; r=0.56). Through a linear regression model, we found that lactate at rest explained 27% of the alterations of LF during 6MWT. The use of 5 cmH2O EPAP improved autonomic cardiac modulation and its complexity at rest in COPD patients. Although it did not influence the performance of the 6MWT, the EPAP device caused alterations in resting lactate concentration with an effect on sympatho-vagal control during the test.

RESUMO As injúrias causadas pelo ácaro-branco em cultivares e linhagens avançadas de algodoeiro disponíveis no Brasil foram avaliadas em três experimentos de campo conduzidos em Campinas, SP (2001/2002 e 2005/2006) e em Guairá, SP (2003/2004). As áreas experimentais foram instaladas segundo um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com seis repetições, sendo as parcelas constituídas por uma linha de 5 m de comprimento. No total, 36 genótipos diferentes foram utilizados. Foram estabelecidos 16 tratamentos em 2001/2002 e 2003/2004 e 18 em 2005/2006. A avaliação foi feita após intensa ocorrência da praga, sem realização de controle químico, sendo atribuídas, em nível de parcelas, notas de 1 a 5, crescentes com o tipo e a intensidade dos sintomas. Verificou-se, nos três experimentos, ampla e gradual diversidade entre os genótipos, com as notas médias variando de 1,77 (IAC 23) até 4,20 (Sure Grow 821) no experimento de 2001/2002, de 1,45 (COODETEC 401) a 4,63 (MG 0110) no experimento de 2003/2004 e de 1,86 (FMT 702) a 4,74 (Stoneville 474) no experimento de 2005/2006. A análise conjunta de quatro genótipos comuns aos três experimentos corroborou as evidências de ampla e gradual diferença entre os genótipos, indicando IAC 24 e Fibermax 966 como menos danificadas e Deltaopal e Makina como as mais afetadas.

ABSTRACT Injuries caused by broad mite to the main cotton cultivar and advanced lineages available presently in Brazil were evaluated in three field experiments. In a randomized block design with 6 replications, the plots consisting of a 5-m-long row, the trials were carried out in the 2001/2002 and 2005/2006 season at Campinas, SP, and in 2003/ 2004 at Guaíra, SP, Brazil. A total of 36 different genotypes were used. Sixteen treatments were carried out in 2001/2002 and 2003/2004, and 18 in 2005/2006. Evaluation was performed by attribution of scores from 1 to 5 to the entire plots, according to the level of injury caused to plant leaves. In all the experiments, wide and gradual differences among genotypes were observed, with mean scores varying from 1.77 (IAC 23) to 4.20 (Sure Grow); 1.45 (Coodetec 401) to 4.63 (MG 0110) and 1.86 (FMT 702) to 4.74 (Stoneville 474), respectively in the 2001/2002, 2003/2004 and 2005/2006 trials. Joint analysis involving four cultivars common to the three experiments corroborates the results, indicating IAC 24 and Fibermax 966 as the least affected, and Deltaopal and Makina as the most injured.

Hyalella dielaii sp. nov., encontrada em São Paulo, Brasil, é aqui descrita com ilustrações. O urópodo 3 com dois grupos de três espinhos na margem dorsal do ramo único, é a principal característica diagnóstica para esta nova espécie. Entre outras características específicas, o ramo interno da maxila 1 distintamente longo e delgado e o dáctilo curto do gnatópodo 2 do macho, também auxiliam na caracterização.

Hyalella dielaii sp. nov., from São Paulo, Brazil, is herein described and illustrated. Dorsal margin of single ramus of uropod 3, with two marginal groups of three spines, is the main diagnostic characteristic for this new species. Among other distinctive features that may help to distinguish it are the inner plate of the maxilla 1 distinctly long and thin and the dactylus very short of male gnathopod 2 very short.

In this paper, Hyalella caeca sp. n. is described. The types are housed within the carcinological collection of the Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This is the first species of the genus Hyalella Smith, typically caverni-colous, to be found in Brazil.

Hyalella is widely distributed in the Americas. Until the present moment around 30 species have been identified. Hyalella curvispina Shoemaker is treated as synonynous with Hyalella pernix (Moreira) due to the very strong similarities found in both species: they have in common an outstanding curved spine on the inner ramus of uropod 1 of the male. This is considered the main characteristic of H. curvispina. With the species already known and the synonymy treated here a total of 29 species of Hyalella is reached. It would seem that H. pernix is the most widespread species in Brazil and in South America as a whole.